After the proposed sale of Safeway cleared a key hurdle last month, shoppers and Safeway employees are one step closer to knowing what’s in store for them.

The $9.4 billion deal orchestrated by New York private equity firm Cerberus will merge Safeway, the nation’s second-largest supermarket chain, with Albertsons, the fifth largest, and most likely will result in closing stores, changing or tossing familiar products and laying off employees, industry experts say.

"It is going to get worse before it gets better," said Mitchell Marks, a business consultant and business professor at San Francisco State University.

Even if a neighborhood store stays open, shoppers may find it no longer carries some of their favorite foods, and the Safeway loyalty card program could be in question. Employees are caught in the middle of a complicated business deal, left to wonder whether they’ll still have jobs after the merger is completed at the end of the year.

Safeway and Albertsons executives have said they have no immediate plans for store closures and that the companies will continue to operate independently until the end of the year.

(Safeway, based in Pleasanton, Calif., employs 1,885 workers at 21 stores in Hawaii — 14 on Oahu, four on Maui, two on Hawaii island and one on Kauai. The company is planning to open a second store on Kauai, though it has not set an opening date. It opened its first Hawaii store in 1964 on Pali Highway in Hono­lulu.)

With the window during which Safeway could solicit a better offer now closed, the companies can now put into motion the buyout plans they announced March 6: combining the Safeway chain with Cerberus-owned Albertsons stores.

The deal first awaits approval from shareholders and, more critically, from the Federal Trade Commission, which will, in as little as a month, determine whether Cerberus may merge the two chains and how many stores it needs to shed to meet federal antitrust rules. In neighborhoods where an Albertsons is down the street from a Safeway, for instance, one of those stores could close — which could drive customers to take their shopping bags elsewhere.

"If their favorite store is Albertsons and the FTC’s decision is to close their local Albertsons store, consumers are going to look around," said Dale Acha­bal, executive director of the Retail Management Institute at Santa Clara University.

Industry experts say store closings are almost certain in Cali­for­nia, where Safeway and Albertsons have a combined 678 stores, about three times the number in its second-largest market.

"California is a place where they have a lot of market power," said Samina Karim, professor in the School of Management at Boston University.

The chains overlap in Southern Cali­for­nia, and while Northern Cali­for­nia does not have any Albertsons stores, Safeway stores there could still be sold or closed as Cerberus weeds out the less profitable ones. Other areas where Cerberus might close stores: Washington, Oregon, Colo­rado, Arizona and Texas, where each chain has a large presence and where they considered each other a rival.

Cerberus will make changes in products and programs to cut costs, which could help lower prices in stores but also confuse shoppers, analysts said.

Safeway and other conventional grocers have at times struggled to keep stores profitable because they carry dozens of brands of everything from baked beans to hummus. But that variety is why shoppers such as Steve Wiseman of Lafa­yette, Calif., prefer Safeway over the niche grocers.

"I shop at Trader Joe’s but their inventory is limited," he said. "Safeway was getting the rest of my business because generally I can find most things there."

But Wiseman may not find everything he needs there after the merger. Most likely, some private-label products will be eliminated to avoid duplication — no need for both a Safeway- and Albertsons-brand olive oil.

Consumers also may see changes to Safeway’s loyalty card program. Albertsons canceled its loyalty program after it was bought by Cerberus in 2006. Safeway’s Just for U program, with about 6 million members, is considered one of the best in the industry.

When asked by investors on a call last month whether Cerberus would change the loyalty program, Safeway CEO Robert Edwards said there were "no decisions yet on how the combined company might operate going forward."

The merged company will have about 2,400 stores, almost double the size of Safeway today and just slightly fewer than rival Kroger’s roughly 2,600 stores. The operation will have about a quarter-million employees. It will be so large, experts say, that Cerberus simply can’t keep all those workers.

"You certainly don’t need two corporate headquarters, so there are going to be a whole bunch of people gone in human resources, in marketing and in IT systems," Acha­bal said.

Heather Somerville, San Jose (Calif.) Mercury News