NEW YORK >> Muslims have been called many things lately in America. New Yorkers, however, have had their own word for them, going back more than a century:

Neighbors.

Historians have long known about Little Syria, a flourishing community in Lower Manhattan, south of what is now the World Trade Center. But most evidence, including the landmark former St. George’s Syrian Catholic Church, spoke to its having been an overwhelmingly Christian enclave.

Today, evidence is coming to light that Muslims not only lived in Little Syria but worshipped there, too, in a mosque — or masjid — on Rector Street, between Greenwich and Washington Streets (just around the corner from St. George’s).

“Muslims are not a recent, foreign intrusion that should generate fear, but are an ever-present feature of the American — and specifically New York — fabric,” said Todd Fine, president of the Washington Street Historical Society and a doctoral candidate in history at the City University of New York.

“Most Americans identify with iconic stories of ethnic immigration,” Fine said. “The Rector Street mosque in Little Syria offers an elegant way to show that Muslims also belong.”

A tantalizing description is found in the files of The New York Sun newspaper.

“While the voice of the muezzin, calling the faithful to prayer, is never heard in New York, nevertheless the Mohammedan form of worship is carried on here,” The Sun told its readers on Feb. 25, 1912.

The newspaper’s office was 16 blocks from a six-story building, the Oriental, at 17 Rector St. “There is nothing about the building to indicate that here is a temple where gather those who believe in Allah and Mohammed,” The Sun said.

There was certainly something — a barber pole — to indicate that here was a shop where gather those looking for a shave and a haircut. Above the basement barbershop, lacy undergarments were displayed in the Moutran family store.

Upstairs, on the third floor, was a suite of rooms, including an apartment, rented by the consulate general of the Ottoman Empire for the use of Mehmed Ali Effendi, an imam and an attaché to the Ottoman Embassy in Washington. From his conventional streetwear, The Sun said, “You might mistake him for a German scholar.”

Beginning in 1910, the imam had promoted greater adherence to religious practices among the city’s Muslims, the newspaper said.

“In the Rector Street mesjed, the same ceremonies are prescribed for entrance as rule at mosques,” the newspaper said. “You have to remove your shoes and wash your arms, face and feet.” It was for men only. Extra services were held on Sundays for those whose work kept them from the Friday congregational prayer.

“The chapel consists of two rooms, soberly furnished,” The Sun said. “One of the rooms is the sanctuary and the other is the audience room. As the worshippers say their prayers standing, it often holds as many as from 75 to 100.”

However, on the feasts of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, which the newspaper called by their Turkish names, the crowd spilled into the imam’s private rooms.

Patrick D. Bowen described the masjid as “one of the earliest immigrant mosques in the U.S.” in his new book, “A History of Conversion to Islam in the United States, Volume 1.”

In a three-volume 1897 account, “The American Metropolis: From Knickerbocker Days to the Present Time,” Frank Moss said there were about 600 Muslims in New York City and that they were planning to erect a mosque.

Nothing more was heard of their effort, Linda K. Jacobs wrote in her new book, “Strangers in the West: The Syrian Colony of New York City, 1880-1900.”

She said the most convincing aspect of the 1912 article was a mention of Turkish students at Columbia being among the imam’s charges, implying that the masjid “really was a place of worship attracting people from other parts of the city.”

Given the imam’s affiliation with the Ottoman government, it is difficult to say where politics left off and worship began at 17 Rector St. — if such a distinction can even be made. It is also potentially misleading to assume that the “Turks” or “Syrians” described by writers 100 years ago, when the Ottoman Empire existed, correspond exactly to those nationalities today.

What happened to the masjid is unclear, though the building lasted until the mid-1950s, when it was torn down to expand a skyscraper at Rector and Greenwich Streets that is now the Greenwich Club Residences. Its site is marked by a Dunkin’ Donuts shop and the storefront law office of Jeffrey E. Levine.

Despite all the unknowns, students of Little Syria are pleased to have expanded their understanding of the quarter.

“This story could finally be the missing key that we have been looking for,” said Carl Antoun, the collections director of the Washington Street Historical Society. “This solidifies the notion that Muslims and Christians were living side by side, not only in Lebanon and Syria but in Lower Manhattan, as well.”

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