While China takes a bulk of the heat when it comes to unhealthy air quality, air pollution is a major issue throughout Asia and beyond, even to Europe and North America. Without research and self-care, even short-term visitors may feel the effects. Here are some precautions you can take to help you breathe easier.

Look up the air quality before you go

You can find a given city’s Air Quality Index, or AQI, on air-monitoring websites like aqicn.org. This index indicates how dirty the air is (typically measuring particulate matter in the air) and explains the possible health implications of that level. While AQI levels are often referred to in the United States during allergy season or at times of dust storms or wildfires, the index is commonplace throughout Asia. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has a complete explanation of what makes “good” or “bad” air quality on its website.

When it comes to travel, researching air-quality websites can help inform where you want to go and when you want to be there. Heavily polluted cities have bad AQI measures all year, but some destinations have only a few months of daily, unhealthy air pollution.

Learn face mask basics

A proper air-filtering face mask can be your best friend when air quality is low. Order quality ones online in advance of your trip instead of scrambling to find them in a new city.

Not sure which kind to get? Based on her research on the effectiveness of face masks in Beijing, Miranda Loh at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Edinburgh, Scotland, recommends looking for masks rated to at least N95 (meaning the mask removes 95 percent of all particles in the air that are at least 0.3 microns in diameter or larger) or FFP3 (meaning the mask may only leak a maximum of 5% or air and it must filter 99% of all particles measuring up to 0.6 microns), both standards that indicate a high ability to filter out fine dust.

Of the masks she studied, Loh said she found 3M’s Aura Disposable Respirator 9322+ mask most effective at consistently reducing exposure among their study volunteers. In addition to buying a proper mask, she recommends limiting a mask’s use and wearing the mask strictly as its package instructs.

When you should wear your mask depends on your age and health, and there’s no strict guideline that everyone everywhere agrees on. Your best bet is to look at the AQI on a given day, review the air quality scale, and judge for yourself. People with respiratory issues, allergies or asthma should be especially careful.

Love the skin you’re in

After a day of sightseeing, protecting your skin and your lungs from air pollution and particulates that may have settled in your clothes, on your skin or in your hair is simple: take a shower as soon as you can, apply sunscreen and moisturizer, and repeat every time you spend a prolonged period outdoors.

Dr. Steven Wang, director of dermatology at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center of Basking Ridge, N.J., has studied the effects of ambient air pollution on skin. His top tips include applying sunscreen in the morning, using gentle liquid cleansers and generally making sure to take care of your skin when you travel.

Know when to just stay inside

Refraining from outdoor activities on heavily polluted days is the most common piece of advice from medical experts, including those at the American Lung Association, when it comes to avoiding the effects of air pollution.

Plan activities like museum visits, souvenir shopping trips and other mostly indoor activities for days when the air quality is really bad.

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