Authorities say it’s too soon to know exactly what went wrong in the catastrophic Labor Day fire that killed 34 people aboard the diving boat Conception off Santa Cruz Island, Calif., but safety lapses may have played a role. If you’re considering a boat or ship excursion, experts say you can boost your chances of a safe trip by asking questions and checking sources listed in this article.

The thing to remember is that when you step aboard a vessel, “you are leaving the safety of land,” said John Higgins, harbor master for the Ventura Port District in California and a 23-year Harbor Patrol veteran.

“You can’t dial 911 and somebody gets there in three to five minutes the way they do on land,” he said.

The best way to stay safe, Higgins said, is to be vigilant when evaluating a commercial boat or ship, and be doubly vigilant if you’re considering a recreational vessel.

If you’re going out on a commercial vessel, Higgins said, “the key things really are understanding where you’re going, what the distance offshore is and working with reputable companies. Reputable companies all go through an annual Coast Guard inspection. Their vessels are documented. The captains are licensed.”

If you’re standing on the dock and deciding on the spot, ask to see the vessel’s certificate of inspection, which will tell you when it was last inspected and approved by the U.S. Coast Guard. The Coast Guard requires commercial vessel operators to keep a valid certificate of inspection aboard and accessible.

Once you know a vessel’s name, you can check its history and details through a U.S. Coast Guard database known as the Port State Information Exchange (cgmix.uscg.mil/PSIX). To start, click on “PSIX Vessel Search,” then type in the vessel’s name. You can narrow the search if you know what nation’s flag the vessel is sailing under.

Coast Guard records may not tell you much about smaller vessels. That’s why it’s wise to be alert in scanning the web and eyeballing the vessel on the dock.

“What does their website look like?” Higgins asked. “Do they have uniforms? Are the vessels visually in a good state?”

Higgins also suggested that consumers browse a company’s reviews on Yelp, Travel­ocity and TripAdvisor and steer clear of “go-out-on-my-yacht” offers on Craigslist or similar informal for-sale sites.

If you’re uncertain about a company, Higgins said, it can’t hurt to call the local Harbor Patrol and ask whether the company is a known entity.

Some other questions to ask: How old is the company and how much experience does it have with this itinerary? How much experience do the captain and crew have, and how long have they been with the company?

In the case of the Santa Cruz Island dive boat fire, the Conception was a commercial vessel inspected by the U.S. Coast Guard and permitted by the National Park Service.

But recreational vessels far outnumber commercial ones in the U.S. And most boating deaths and injuries happen on recreational vessels.

In a recent Coast Guard report on recreational boating accidents in 2018, the agency counted 633 recreational boating deaths nationwide for the year. That was a 3.8% decrease from 2017.

Among the Coast Guard’s findings:

>> In cases where the size of the boat was known, eight of every 10 boaters who drowned were aboard a vessel less than 21 feet long.

>> In cases where cause of death was known, 77% of fatal boating accident victims died by drowning.

>> In cases where life-jacket usage was known, 84% of those who drowned were not wearing a life jacket.

>> In 19% of deaths, alcohol was listed as a leading contributing factor.

If you’re a passenger on a recreational vessel, Higgins said, look at the weather forecast with your route in mind.

“The weather is the most common thing that can make a trip very unpleasurable or even deadly,” he said.

Make sure there are life jackets for everyone, a fire extinguisher, a marine radio and a membership with an organization that can give commercial towing assistance, if needed.