Synopsis: As more and more people learn Hawaiian, the language begins to enjoy greater practicality. As its value increases, so does competition for the right to use it. This shift generates the question about control over the right to use certain words in certain contexts, particularly as trade names.
Aloha mai kākou. Eia hou ke kupu mai nei kēlā nīnau e kau maila ma luna. ‘O ia ho‘i, aia iā wai ke kuleana no nā hua o ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i? ‘O ka nīnau mua na‘e a kākou e nalu ai, ‘o ia ho‘i, he aha ka mana‘o o “kuleana”? ‘O ia mea he kuleana kope (copyright), ‘a‘ole i loa‘a i ka wā kahiko, ma mua o ka hō‘ea ‘ana mai o ka palapala ‘ana i ka ‘ōlelo, i ka wā ho‘i ma mua o ka haku ‘ia ‘ana o ka hua ‘ōlelo ‘o “kope.” I kēia wā a kākou e kauka‘i nui nei ma luna o ke kālā e kū‘ono‘ono ai, ua lilo ia mea ‘o ka hua ‘ōlelo i mea kū‘ai ‘ia. ‘O ia ho‘i, ua hiki ke kū‘ai i ke kuleana no ka ho‘ohana ‘ana i ua hua nei ma ke ‘ano he inoa hui kāloa‘a, a e pāpā ‘ia kona ho‘ohana ‘ia e ka lehulehu ma ia ‘ano. Pēlā ke kānāwai a ‘Amelika i kau ai ma luna o kākou, a ua ‘ike ‘ia kāna pilikia ma mua, ‘o ia ho‘i, ua ho‘okuleana kope ‘ia nā hua ‘o “aloha” a me “poke” e kekahi hui kū‘ai poke ma Kikako i kapa ‘ia ‘o Aloha Poke. Nui ko‘u kū‘ē‘ē ‘ana i ia ‘ano hana ma mua. E nānā hou ‘ia ka pukana o Kauakūkalahale i ka lā 8/11/2019.
I ka pule nei, ua kupu hou mai ia nīnau no ka ho‘okuleana ‘ana i nā hua Hawai‘i. I ka wā i ho‘olaha ‘ia ai ka inoa o kahi hale ho‘ohuihui palaoa hou, ‘o Okina Kitchen LLC (‘a‘ohe ‘okina), hele a nui ka hauwala‘au kū‘ē‘ē a ka po‘e aloha ‘ōlelo, ma muli o ka ho‘okuleana ‘ia ‘ana o ia inoa. Ua puka mai ia mo‘olelo ma ka nūhou o ka pō P1 nei, a i ka P2, ua huki ‘ia ka ho‘olaha mai ka pūnaewele aku. Mahalo ka maka‘ala ‘ana o ka hui Native Hawaiian Intellectual Property Working Group i kēia ‘ano hana kohu ‘ole, a me ko lākou kū‘ē‘ē koke ‘ana i ia ‘ano hana. ‘O ke po‘o o ua hui nei, ‘o Vicky Holt Takamine, ua kuhi pololei aku i kahi pilikia nui. ‘O ia nō ke ‘ano ake kālā a puni hanohano a ko ‘Amelika. ‘A‘ole paha ‘o ke kapa wale ‘ana i ka inoa Hawai‘i ka mole o kēia pilikia. Nui ka po‘e, nā hui, a me nā pā‘oihana i kapa ‘ia ma ka inoa Hawai‘i. ‘O ka ho‘okuleana kope ‘ia o nā hua ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i ka pilikia, a ‘o ia nō ka hopena o ka noho mai o ‘Amelika i luna no Hawai‘i nei. ‘Eā, mahalo ka huki ‘ia o ua inoa nei mai ka pūnaewele aku, akā, ‘a‘ole paha e pau kēia ‘apakau ‘ia o nā hua Hawai‘i, no ka mea, ua mau nō ke kānāwai ‘Amelika nāna e ‘ae i ke kū‘ai ‘ia o ke kuleana no nā hua ‘ōlelo o ko Hawai‘i po‘e.
E ka makamaka, ‘oiai e kama‘ilio ‘ia nei ka ‘okina, he wahi mana‘o ko‘u no kona ‘ano. Nui ka minamina i kona kapa ‘ia he kaha diacritical. He koneka maoli nō ia, e like me nā koneka ‘ē a‘e (h,k,l,m,n,p,w), a he kuhi hewa kona ho‘oha‘aha‘a pinepine ‘ia. Ma muli ia kuhi hewa ‘ana no kona ‘ano ‘oko‘a ke nānā aku. ‘A‘ole like kona kinona me ko nā koneka kohu haole ma luna. He kohu koma luna ke nānā aku. Eia hou, ho‘okahi wale nō ona kinona. ‘A‘ohe hua ma‘aka, ‘a‘ohe hua na‘ina‘i, a ke ‘ō‘ili mai ‘o ia i ka ho‘omaka ‘ana o ka hua ‘ōlelo e ho‘oma‘aka ‘ia ana, ‘o ka hua ma hope ona ke ho‘oma‘aka ‘ia, penei, “‘O ia ho‘i, … ,” “‘Eā, … ,” a me “‘A‘ohe hua ma‘aka …” ma ka ho‘omaka ‘ana o kēia hopuna ‘ōlelo. Ma muli o kona ‘ike ‘ole ‘ia he hua maoli, ua ho‘oha‘aha‘a ‘ia, a lilo mai i māka diacritical wale nō, ‘a‘ole he hualeo maoli. ‘O ia paha ke kumu i ho‘ohana ‘ole ‘ia ai i loko o nā palapala kahiko. ‘O ke koma luna wale nō kai ‘ike ‘ia ma kauwahi hua, no ka hō‘ike ‘ana, ua ‘oko‘a ‘o “kou” a ‘oko‘a ‘o “ko‘u.” Maika‘i paha ka ho‘ohana ‘ia o ka ‘okina ma nā palapala ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i, akā, ‘oi aku ka nui o nā mana‘o o nā hua ke kāpae ‘ia ka ‘okina. Pehea lā na‘e e ho‘okuleana ‘ia ai nā mana‘o a pau?
E ho‘ouna ‘ia mai na ā leka iā māua, ‘o ia ho‘i ‘o Laiana Wong a me Kekeha Solis ma ka pahu leka uila ma lalo nei:
>> kwong@hawaii.edu
>> rsolis@hawaii.edu
a i ‘ole ia, ma ke kelepona:
>> 808-956-2627 (Laiana)
>> 808-956-2627 (Kekeha)
This column is coordinated by Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
