Kirk Caldwell was unable to overtake Peter Carlisle in the special election for Honolulu mayor despite raising more than $1.2 million and holding a more than 2-to-1 lead in fundraising.

According to candidate reports filed Monday with the state Campaign Spending Commission, Caldwell, the acting mayor, raised and spent nearly all he raised in his attempt to win the job permanently.

Carlisle won with 39 percent, or 80,553 votes, to Caldwell’s 34 percent, or 71,815 votes.

Carlisle, who was sworn in on Monday, raised about $593,000 for the election cycle and spent $510,079, or about $6.33 cents per vote. Caldwell’s total works out to about $17.62 per vote.

Although he previously served in the state House, Caldwell was mostly unknown to voters across Oahu. In a January poll, he was recognized favorably by 11 percent of likely voters, compared with 67 percent for Carlisle.

Caldwell spent a lot of his money early on just getting his name out and doing research. Though he closed the gap in polls leading up to the election, he was unable to overtake Carlisle, the former city prosecutor.

University of Hawaii civil engineering professor Panos Prevedouros finished third with 38,439 votes.

Prevedouros, who campaigned on a staunch anti-rail agenda, took in about $194,000 for the campaign and spent about $165,000, or about $4.28 per vote. Although the race was nonpartisan, Prevedouros was backed by the state Republican Party and was able to mine traditional GOP pockets of support late in his campaign.

Also in the race was City Councilman Rod Tam, who raised about $93,000 and spent $81,661, or about $26.90 for each of his 3,036 votes.

Carlisle replaced Mufi Hannemann, who resigned with two years left on his second term to unsuccessfully pursue the Democratic nomination for governor.