Poorer Neighbors Unmoved by Greek Pain

By ANDREW HIGGINS

New York Times

SOFIA, Bulgaria » Throughout months of acrimonious haggling with creditors, Greece’s left-wing government has cast itself as the victim of an elitist financial and political order beholden to Europe’s stingy rich, notably Germans.

Some of the most resolute opponents of cutting Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras and his Syriza party any slack, however, have been Europe’s most deprived nations, places like Bulgaria, the European Union’s poorest member, and Baltic States blighted by decades of Soviet-imposed penury.

“We are much poorer than the Greeks but we have performed reforms,” said Rosen Plevneliev, the president of Bulgaria, a northern neighbor of Greece. “When you have a problem, you have to address it and not shift it to Brussels or onto somebody else,” he said, deriding Syriza’s complaints that Europe had let Greece down.

The left-leaning Syriza Party has won applause from a host of mostly small left-wing groups in Europe for bucking what they condemn as the tyranny of greed-fueled markets and elitist technocrats. It has also been cheered by right-wing insurgents like Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Front in France, who rejoice at Greece’s troubles and see them as proof that Europe’s established order is crumbling.

The Daily Telegraph, a conservative British newspaper that takes a dim view of the European Union, published a commentary over the weekend that lamented Tsipras’ “Marxist beliefs” but applauded his refusal “to be railroaded by the corporatist EU powers that be.”

But the gap between Syriza’s self-image as the champion of the underdog and the reality that Europe’s least well-off countries have shown it little or no sympathy has exposed a fundamental flaw at the heart of a doomed negotiating strategy that has pushed Greece to the edge of an abyss.

It has also deepened fury in Brussels, headquarters of the European Union’s executive arm, and in Berlin at repeated accusations from Tsipras that creditors are trying to “blackmail” Greece and upend the democratic choice made by Greek voters in January when they elected Syriza, which campaigned on promises to end years of grinding austerity.

Tsipras returned to this line of attack in a television address Sunday evening in which he announced that Greek banks would not open Monday. Pillorying the European Central Bank for refusing to increase emergency aid to Greek banks, he said the bank’s move “had no other aim but to blackmail the will of the Greek people.”

Viewed from Bulgaria and other poorer countries in Europe, however, Greece’s suffering after five years of painful austerity draws only curt comparisons.

When Greece’s finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis, in an early round of negotiations in Brussels, complained that Greek pensions could not be cut any further, he was reminded bluntly by his colleague from Lithuania that Lithuanian pensioners survived on far less.

Lithuania, according to the most recent figures issued by Eurostat, the European statistics agency, spends 472 euros, about $598, per capita on pensions, less than a third of the 1,625 euros spent by Greece. Bulgaria spends just 257 euros. This data refers to 2012 and Greek pensions have since been cut, but they still remain higher than those in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Croatia and nearly all other countries in eastern, central and southeastern Europe.

Such statistics have made it very difficult for Syriza to win support for its argument that Greece is suffering a uniquely painful “humanitarian catastrophe” and that fellow European Union countries should put up their own money to save Athens from bankruptcy.

“Greece is not seen as suffering so much,” said Ognyan Georgiev, an editor at Kapital, a Bulgarian business newspaper. “For us it looks very appealing. They have the sea, they have big pensions, and they have a life that looks better than what we have.”

Germany, Europe’s biggest economy and Greece’s biggest creditor, has undoubtedly played a leading role in resisting Syriza’s demands for a sharp scaling back of austerity, but it has been joined in this, with a few nuances of tone, by all other members of the European Union.

Raoul Ruparel, co-director of Open Europe, a research group in London, said that Syriza, though right to focus on the importance of people’s democratic choice, had ignored the fact that all governments in Europe must answer to voters. “Democracy is the crucial point, but this means not just Greek voters but those across Europe,” he said.

In an interview with the German public television station ZDF on Saturday, Wolfgang Schauble, Germany’s finance minister, stressed that a referendum called by Syriza on whether to accept bailout proposals might give Greek voters a voice but would not be binding on taxpayers in Germany and elsewhere.

After boasting in February that “we no longer have this unified group against Greece,” Varoufakis, Greece’s finance minister, acknowledged in an April message on Twitter that Greece had been left friendless. He cited a 1936 comment by President Franklin D. Roosevelt — “They are unanimous in their hate for me; and I welcome their hatred.”

In Bulgaria, even politicians who cheered when Syriza came to power in January and who sought to boost their own fortunes by mimicking its tirades against “neo-liberal” orthodoxy have now either fallen silent or sought to distance themselves from the Greek experiment.

Velizar Enchev, a member of Bulgaria’s Parliament who in April announced that he was splitting from a nationalist alliance to form Bulgarian Spring, modeled on Syriza, now says that his venture had been misunderstood and that he never really liked Syriza that much.

Speaking in Brussels last week before the start of a European Union summit meeting, Prime Minister Boiko Borisov of Bulgaria complained that he was fed up with so much time being spent on Greece’s need for bailout funds to pay its bills when other countries have so many problems of their own.

“We, too, want to give more money for salaries and pensions, but we are maintaining this financial discipline,” Borisov said. “I am categorically against delays and compromises” for Greece.