FORT PIERCE, Fla. >> Donald Trump looked on in court today as his lawyers urged a federal judge to dismiss the criminal case accusing the former president of illegally retaining classified documents after he left the White House.

As the presumptive 2024 Republican presidential nominee listened, U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon heard arguments over whether a law that underpins the bulk of the charges is too vaguely worded to enforce against a former president.

Cannon, who was nominated to the bench by Trump, asked probing questions of both sides and didn’t immediately rule on his bid to throw out the case before ever reaching a jury, which would be a rare action for a judge to take.

The judge told a Trump attorney that striking down a statute — as the defense is seeking — would be “quite an extraordinary step.” But she also pointedly noted to a prosecutor that no former president has ever been charged with mishandling classified documents.

Jay Bratt, a prosecutor with special counsel Jack Smith’s team, responded that there has never been another situation “remotely similar to this one.”

Trump is accused of intentionally holding onto some of the nation’s most sensitive documents at his Mar-a-Lago estate — only returning a fraction of them upon demand by the National Archives. Prosecutors say he urged his lawyer to hide records and to lie to the FBI by saying he no longer was in possession of them and enlisted staff to delete surveillance footage that would show boxes of documents being moved around the property.

At issue is a law that make it a crime for an unauthorized person to willfully retain national defense information. That charge forms the basis of 32 of the 40 felony counts against Trump in the case.

Defense lawyer Emil Bove said ambiguity in the statute permits what he called a “selective” enforcement by the Justice Department, leading to Trump being charged but enabling others to avoid prosecution. Bove said that includes President Joe Biden, the recent subject of a harshly critical report by special counsel Robert Hur on the president’s handling of classified information.

“The court’s obligation is to strike the statute and say ‘Congress, get it right,’” Bove told Cannon.

Bratt disputed that the statute was unclear.

Trump sat at the defense table at the federal court in Fort Pierce with his hands clasped, listening intently to the arguments. Smith, who brought the case, was also in the courtroom, but there was no visible interaction between the two men.

The hearing is the second this month in the case in Florida, one of four prosecutions Trump confronts as he seeks to reclaim the White House. Cannon heard arguments on March 1 on when to set a trial date, but has not yet ruled. Prosecutors have pressed the judge to set a date for this summer, while Trump’s lawyers are seeking to put it off until after the election.

Later today, Cannon was expected to hear arguments on another motion to dismiss the case that centers on the Presidential Records Act. Trump’s lawyers say that the statute gave him the authority to designate as personal property the records he took with him to Mar-a-Lago, which prosecutors say included top-secret information and documents related to nuclear programs and the military capabilities of the U.S. and foreign adversaries.

Smith’s team has counted that the files Trump is charged with possessing are presidential records, not personal ones, and that the statute does not apply to classified and top-secret documents, like those kept at Mar-a-Lago. Prosecutors say the law does not entitle Trump to “unilaterally declare highly classified presidential records to be personal records.”

It is not surprising that defense lawyers are seeking dismissal of the case based on the Presidential Records Act given that the legal team has repeatedly invoked the statute since the FBI’s August 2022 search of Mar-a-Lago.

The law, enacted in 1978, requires presidents upon leaving office to transfer their presidential records to the U.S. government for management — specifically, the National Archives and Records Administration — though they are permitted to retain personal records, including diaries and notes that are purely private and not prepared for government business.

Cannon has suggested in the past that she sees Trump’s status as a former president as distinguishing him from others who have held onto classified records.

After the Trump team sued the Justice Department in 2022 to get his records back, Cannon appointed a special master to conduct an independent review of the documents taken during the FBI’s Mar-a-Lago search. That appointment was later overturned by a federal appeals court.

Trump is separately charged in a federal case in Washington with conspiring to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election. Trump has argued in both federal cases that presidential immunity protects him from prosecution, though Cannon has not agreed to hear arguments on that claim in the documents case. The U.S Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on Trump’s immunity claim in the election interference case next month.