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Travel

Earth, wind & fire

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NEW YORK TIMES
Trees still bear the signs of lightning storms and wildfires along Idaho’s Highway 21, known as the “highway to heaven,” in the Boise National Forest. Travelers to this rugged and beautiful slice of the American west encounter plenty of signs of what locals have long known: Wildfires are part of the forest’s natural life cycle.
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NEW YORK TIMES
Burned and new growth along Idaho’s Highway 21.
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NEW YORK TIMES
Pedestrians stroll through downtown Ketchum, Idaho, last month. Ernest Hemingway is buried in this town adjacent to the Sun Valley Resort, which draws many tourists looking to hike through relatively unspoiled nature, including forests that still show the scars of wildfires.
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NEW YORK TIMES
Travelers to this rugged and beautiful slice of the American west encounter plenty of signs of what locals have long known: Wildfires are part of the forest’s natural life cycle.

As we neared Stanley, Idaho, a hamlet carved by creeks and framed by mountains with spiky peaks that reminded me of a punk-rocker’s hair, the landscape surrounding the winding highway on which we’d climbed 7,000 feet gave way from rugged canyon to flat expanse of grass speckled by lodgepole pine and aspen. We were on the northern edges of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area, three hours from Boise, when scars from an old fire came into view.

My daughter, Flora, and I had been playing a makeshift game in which we pointed out the nature surrounding us, the sort of mindless thing you do to entertain a 5-year-old on a road trip. I see a deer, I see a birdie, I see snow, I see a purple flower, we called out.

"I see trees," I said, pointing to a cluster of an unrecognizable species to our left, their crooked branches denuded by flames that had torched them.

"Those are not trees," Flora retorted. "Trees have leaves!"

Not always, I had learned. Several times over the past few months, I had hiked the Weaver Mountains in Central Arizona, retracing the steps of 19 firefighters killed in a raging wildfire sparked by a bolt of lightning last summer. On those hikes, I walked past boulders cracked by the fire’s heat, stepping on charred dirt (fire burns soil, too) and the verdant grass that sprouted from it, as if life were thumbing its nose at the devastation.

The delicate, hopeful new growth belied the havoc that fires can wreak. Thirty-four firefighters died battling flames in the wild last year in the United States, and hundreds of homes and businesses have been destroyed this summer alone in the West, where high temperatures and severe drought have turned brush and forests into virtual tinderboxes.

But even if wildfires are worsening, ecologists still view them as part of a forest’s natural life cycle. Ninety-five percent of the fires that ignite in the wild are under control before most of us hear about them, a spokes­man for the Bureau of Land Management told me. And fire ecologists point out that flames thin out overgrown landscapes, making it harder for the next fire to spread.

"In burning the vegetation, fire rejuvenates the forest, and it creates space for new plants to grow, for seeds to pollinate," said Penny Morgan, a professor of fire sciences at the College of Natural Resources at the University of Idaho.

"Fire just is," Morgan said, "and we as people need to learn how to coexist with it and to celebrate it." So there I was, on a family trip to explore unspoiled nature, scorched earth and all.

On Aug. 7, 2013, lightning sparked a fire in Idaho named Beaver Creek, after the natural landmark closest to where it started. The fire ignited in the woods just west of Sun Valley, bringing a thick cloud of smoke over the area and prompting many to evacuate. Homes burned, businesses closed and tourists left or canceled trips, dooming any prospect of a bountiful summer season. Ash and debris drifted into the Big Wood River, renowned for its fly-fishing. Miles and miles of trails were closed because they had been burned out or because of the risk of erosion. Some were still closed when we traveled there in late June.

There was still plenty of land to hike, though.

My husband, Mike, and I had rented an SUV and left Boise midmorning, heading east on Highway 21, known as the "highway to heaven," and when you’re on it, it’s easy to see why. The road cuts through the Boise National Forest, taking us from the sagebrush of Boise’s high-desert flora to the pine trees that are abundant on the mountains. The higher we climbed, the more spectacular the scenery became; at one point, creeks framed our drive. We turned down the music and opened the windows to hear the sound of rushing water.

Then we started noticing unusual road signs. The first one that stuck out was just past a body of water named Moores Creek. On it was a picture of a house, a flame and the words, "Do you have defensible space?" Another read, "Don’t Burn When Windy."

As we approached Lowman, an unincorporated community that the last census said is home to 42 people, we began to notice the erratic gaps in the thick forest, as if a drunken driver had taken a bulldozer for a ride. Most of the trees were ponderosa pines. Some had only their trunks and branches. Others looked like the perfectly conical Christmas trees you find for sale in December. But viewed from a distance, they created a beautiful mosaic: dark green, healthy, tall trees; light green baby trees; brown exposed soil; and black-and-gray burned tree remains.

Plaques at a scenic overlook just past Beaver Creek Summit explained what created this quilt: Lightning storms ignited 335 fires in the Boise and Payette national forests over eight days in 1989, eventually burning 46,000 acres. The flames sculpted a roundabout path, jumping over creeks named Huckleberry, Steep, Clear and Jackson — fire vanquishing water, as wildfires often do.

What we saw was nature at work rebuilding itself.

There’s plenty about fly-fishing and skiing in central Idaho in online travel guides, but you’ll be hard pressed to find anything about the frequency, risks or rejuvenating potential of fires, even though it is a region where wildfires are undeniably a part of the natural cycle of life. Morgan, of the University of Idaho, told me that logs and boulders that roll onto streams after post-fire erosion often create pools that trout use as their habitat.

My husband and I hired Olin Glenne, owner of Sturtevants of Sun Valley, an apparel-and-gear store in the resort town of Ketchum, to serve as our guide on an excursion through fire-scarred trails.

Olin led us on a moderately challenging 5-mile trek through Greenhorn Gulch on the west end of Ketchum to see an area burned during last year’s Beaver Creek Fire and also the Castle Rock Fire in 2007. Castle Rock torched almost 50,000 acres of the Sawtooth National Forest, which hugs the town, but its damage worked as a natural fire line that helped firefighters corral the Beaver Creek blaze.

"It’s like everything is connected," Olin told me. "You have a fire that’s really bad and then really good because it stops another fire."

This was untouched nature, a decided contrast to our visit last fall to the tourist-clogged South Rim of the Grand Canyon. There was a certain beauty to this harmonious clash of ending and beginning we were witnessing. We walked the trail mostly alone, sometimes in silence, lost in contemplation.

In Ketchum and Sun Valley, locals will tell you that smoke in the air is a common occurrence in August, the peak of summer travel season and of wildfire season in the West. It is often smoke that has drifted from fires burning in other states, like Oregon and Montana.

Greg Randolph, an Olympic cyclist who lives in Ketchum and is one of the forces behind Visit Sun Valley, the area’s marketing group, put it this way: "There’s a normal response to fire — it’s scary. But fire is just a part of living in mountains that are in the middle of the forest. Our skiing has benefited a lot because the fires we’ve had have cleared a lot of the underbrush and opened new trails. In the north slopes particularly, it can be almost 20 years of great ski conditions before the stuff grows in again."

Fernanda Santos, New York Times

© 2014 The New York Times Company

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