Dear Savvy Senior: What tips do you recommend to Medicare beneficiaries dealing with hefty medical bills? My husband recently had open heart surgery and is recovering slowly, but the medical bills are coming in fast and furious and they’re putting us in debt. — Struggling in Springfield

Dear Struggling: Medical debt has unfortunately become a chronic problem in this country. According to U.S. Census data, 19% of Americans households carry medical debt, including 10% of households headed by someone 65 or older. Even seniors on Medicare can easily get snagged in a web of complicated billing and coverage problems.

These tips from health care experts could help:

>> Double-check your bills: Almost half of all medical bills contain at least one error, including duplicate charges or charges for services never received. If you’re facing a high bill and are on the hook for some portion of it, request itemized invoices from the hospital and other providers that detail everything you were charged for — and go through them line by line. If you find something you don’t understand or find fishy, contact the provider for an explanation or a correction.

>> Wait for your EOB: Doctors’ offices and hospitals might mail initial bills to you before they even submit them to your health insurer. Hold off on any payment until you receive an explanation of benefits, called an EOB, from your provider — Medicare, supplemental Medicare, Medicare Advantage or private insurer. This will show what you owe after your insurance has paid its portion.

If the EOB shows that your insurer is refusing to pay for services that you think should be covered, call to see whether it’s a correctable mistake, such as a coding error for a certain test or treatment. If it’s truly a denial of coverage, you might need to file an appeal. For details on how to file a Medicare appeal, see Medicare.gov/claims-appeals/how-do-i-file-an-appeal.

>> Ask for a discount: Call the hospital’s accounting office or the billing staff at your doctor’s practice and ask whether they can reduce your bill. You’d be surprised how often this works. Or, if you have the funds to pay the entire bill, ask the hospital or provider for a “prompt pay” discount, which could save you 15% or more.

If it’s best for you to pay your bills over time, ask the billing office to set up a no-interest payment plan. It’s in the provider’s interest to work with you.

You can also call the hospital where your husband had his surgery and ask a billing specialist about financial assistance. According to the American Hospital Association, about half of U.S. hospitals are nonprofit. This means they are required to offer free or discounted services, usually for low- to moderate-income patients who have limited or no health insurance. Requirements vary from hospital to hospital.

>> Get help: If you’ve gotten nowhere on your own, contact the Patient Advocate Foundation (patient advocate.org, 800-532-5274), which can help you understand and negotiate your medical bills, free of charge. Or consider hiring a medical billing professional to negotiate for you, but be aware that these services can cost upward of $100 an hour. Find potential candidates through the Alliance of Professional Health Advocates (advo connection.com). Be sure to choose someone credentialed by the Patient Advocate Certification Board.

Jim Miller is a contributor to the NBC “Today” show and author of “The Savvy Senior.” Send your senior questions to Savvy Senior, P.O. Box 5443, Norman, OK 73070; or visit SavvySenior.org.